Heavy alkyl benzene (HAB)
Heavy alkyl benzene, also known as heavy alkylate, is a byproduct in the process of linear alkyl benzene production, with a chemical formula of C13H10N2O3. This compound, which includes diphenyl alkanes and dialkyl benzenes, finds applications in various industries due to its prominent dielectric properties and high oxidation stability. The density and molecular weight of this compound are 0.87 gr/cm3 and 242.23 gr/mol, respectively. This chemical is used as a heat transfer and lubricating grease carrier and finds extensive use in the production of transformer oils, industrial lubricants, diesel fuel additives, hot oils for heat transfer, and industrial cleaners.
Heavy alkyl benzene, due to the benzene group in its structure, exhibits greater thermal stability compared to mineral oils and petroleum-based solvents. Additionally, due to the alkyl group in its structure, heavy alkyl benzene has a higher lubricating property compared to mineral oils and petroleum-based solvents.
This chemical is also used in the formulation of gasoline and diesel engine oils and hydraulic fluids, and plays a role in the production of motor oils with standards such as W30-5, W40-5, W40-10, and W40-15. Formulations containing heavy alkyl benzene as a secondary component and neutral solvents such as SN-100, SN-150, and SN-650 as the main component create desirable properties in the produced oils. In subsequent stages, heavy alkyl benzene and poly isobutene (PIB) are used in the formulation of hydrolyzed acid in ISO, yielding materials with suitable solubility that are used as primary raw materials in lubricants, metal surface products such as galvanizing and plating, and hydraulic fluids.
Due to its properties such as high thermal stability, resistance to oxidation and corrosion, suitable viscosity, etc., this chemical can be a suitable solution for these needs.
For more accurate information regarding prices or purchasing the product, it is better to contact the sales department of Petro Nour Mehr Company.
Analysis of HAB grades
You can find the list of HAB products in the table below:
HAB Manufacturers Worldwide:
Major HAB manufacturers worldwide include:
This material is one of the key materials in the production of gasoline, diesel, kerosene, and other petroleum products. Manufacturers of linear alkyl benzenes include various companies and oil refineries worldwide. Some major producers of linear alkyl benzenes include ExxonMobil and Chevron. These producers are recognized as major players in the global oil and gas industry and are responsible for producing various petroleum products, including linear alkyl benzenes.
Additionally, other companies may be active in this material production or use it as an intermediate substance in manufacturing processes across the globe.
Advantages and Disadvantages of HAB:
This material is a substance with wide-ranging applications in various industries, but it comes with various advantages and disadvantages. Among the advantages of this substance are its high lubricity and heat transfer capabilities, significant chemical stability, and versatility of use. The use of this material in various industries, including oil and gas, chemical, and manufacturing industries, is carried out as a multi-purpose and high-performance material. However, this substance also has disadvantages such as the potential for environmental pollution and secondary effects on the health of humans and other organisms, flammability and explosion hazards, high production and usage costs, and negative environmental impacts. For optimal use of this material, it is necessary to carefully assess its pros and cons and take appropriate measures to control and mitigate potential risks.
Physical and Chemical Properties of HAB:
This material are a diverse range of compounds with physical and chemical properties that may vary depending on their structure and precise composition. However, some general physical and chemical properties of heavy alkyl benzenes include:
- They are typically liquid and colorless or slightly yellowish or brownish.
- They have high density, usually greater than water.
- The boiling point of this material is usually high and may range between 100-200 degrees Celsius.
- They are amendable to modification and can react with other chemicals, especially in reactions involving anionic species (such as -OH or -Cl) as active agents.
- It’s may be toxic and harmful to the environment and humans, so caution should be exercised in their use.
Some this material can serve as strong solvents in chemical and refining processes.
Comparison between HAB and LAB:
Linear alkyl benzene and heavy alkyl benzene are two types of chemical compounds used in various industries, with significant differences in their properties and applications. Linear alkyl benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon produced from the reaction of benzene with linear alkyls such as polypropylene. This compound is characterized by its linear alkyl chain structure, which gives it different physical and chemical properties compared to heavy alkyl benzene. On the other hand, this material is a type of alkyl benzene produced in the alkylation process of ethylene with benzene. These compounds are mainly composed of high-molecular-weight alkyl chains and are used as primary or by-product materials in the petroleum and petrochemical industries. The fundamental differences between these two substances include molecular weight, thermal stability, viscosity, and applications. For example, LAB is primarily used as a base material for producing pharmaceuticals, detergents, and various types of motor oils, while this material is mainly used in the oil and gas, chemical, and plastic industries for producing raw materials and end products.
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Bisotun Petrochemical and Iran chemical industries and other domestic factories are producers of this polymer material in Iran.
These units are among the largest HAB producers in Iran and play a significant role in supplying domestic needs and exporting this material to global markets.
Applications of HAB:
Heavy alkyl benzenes are a primary source in the oil and gas industries and are used for the production of various petroleum products. Some of the applications of this compound include:
- Gasoline Production: Heavy alkyl benzenes are used as the main raw material in the process of producing gasoline. This process involves the distillation and refining of oil, converting heavy alkyl benzenes into gasoline.
- Diesel and Gasoil Production: These compounds can also be used for the production of diesel and gasoil. The process involves distillation and purification of oil, resulting in the production of diesel and gasoil from these compounds.
- Petrochemical Products: Heavy alkyl benzenes serve as a raw material in the production of petrochemical products such as polymers, resins, protective coatings, and other chemical substances.
- Other Applications: Heavy alkyl benzenes have wide-ranging applications in various industries. These include heat transfer fluids, coolant oils, textile auxiliaries, anti-corrosion additives, motor oils, electrical oils, and plastics. Additionally, heavy alkyl benzenes are used as solvents in various processes in the oil and gas industries and as a heating medium in industries requiring temperatures below 250 degrees Celsius. Moreover, in transformers and electrical equipment, heavy alkyl benzenes are used as transformer oils. Overall, this compound serves as a versatile petroleum product with a wide range of applications and plays a crucial role in various industries.
In general, heavy alkyl benzenes are of great importance in various industries and play a significant role in the production of petroleum products and their derivatives.
Storage Conditions for HAB
HAB is a chemical substance with wide-ranging applications in various industries, including the production of oils and industrial lubricants. The storage conditions for heavy alkyl benzenes depend on the environment, reservoir conditions, and inventory levels. However, some common storage conditions typically include:
- Solidification at Low Temperatures: Heavy alkyl benzenes may solidify at temperatures lower than their freezing point. Therefore, temperature control must be continuously maintained in tanks or transportation vessels to prevent this from happening.
- Cool and Dry Environments: Cool and dry environments are preferably suitable for storing heavy alkyl benzenes. Additionally, corrosive materials and oxidants should be removed from storage tanks and environments.
- Secure Storage Tanks: Due to the risk of fire and explosion, heavy alkyl benzenes should be stored in secure tanks and vessels designed for safety. Moreover, all ignition sources and other flammable materials should be kept away.
- Continuous Monitoring: Maintenance activities should be continuously monitored, and corrective actions should be taken immediately in case of any issues or malfunctions.
Given that heavy alkyl benzenes are hazardous substances, it is essential to always adhere to safety information and relevant guidelines. The use of safety equipment such as masks and protective clothing should be ensured.
Packaging for HAB
HAB is exported in bulk, IBCs (Intermediate Bulk Containers), and 220-liter plastic drums. Drums and closed containers are suitable for packaging this chemical substance. Typically, the material is placed in drums weighing 230 or 220 kilograms. Containers should be designed to prevent leakage, provide ventilation, and minimize substance evaporation. They should also be resistant to transportation damage. For storage in warehouses, ensure the absence of flammable materials in the environment. The substance should be stored in dry, cool, and ventilated warehouses.
The packaging of heavy alkyl benzenes depends on their destination and final use. When used as a raw material for petroleum products, they are typically stored in large tanks without the need for special packaging. However, if heavy alkyl benzenes are used as raw materials for other industries such as petrochemicals or chemicals, they may be provided in liquid form in large tanks or in large bags with appropriate packaging. In any case, packaging should comply with safety and environmental standards and prevent the risk of blockage and leakage. Additionally, it should be noted that heavy alkyl benzenes are considered hazardous substances, so packaging and transportation should adhere to safety regulations and standards.
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